1. What Key Combination Generates A Backspace Character Quizlet 5
2. What Key Combination Generates A Backspace Character Quizlet Example
3. What Key Combination Generates A Backspace Character Quizlet 4

A dead key is a special kind of a modifier key on a mechanical typewriter, or computer keyboard, that is typically used to attach a specific diacritic to a base letter.^[1] The dead key does not generate a (complete) character by itself, but modifies the character generated by the key struck immediately after. Thus, a dedicated key is not needed for each possible combination of a diacritic and a letter, but rather only one dead key for each diacritic is needed, in addition to the normal base letter keys.

• Pressing which key or combination of keys removes the character to the left of the cursor? Use to insert an organizational chart, pyramid, or similar diagram into a document. Quizlet Live. Quizlet Learn.
• Other special keys include: Delete keys and backspace keys which deletes characters. Delete key deletes a character that is in front of the cursor whereas backspace key delete characters before ti+eursor. Insert key will insert characters from text. Others e.g home key will take you to the top of the document and end key to the end of the document.

For example, if a keyboard has a dead key for the grave accent (`), the French character à can be generated by first pressing ` and then a, whereas è can be generated by first pressing ` and then e.^[2]Another example is the Spanish letter Ñ, which can be generated via ~ and N, hence Ñ.

On an English keyboard, characters that typically require the use of the shift key include the parentheses, the question mark, the exclamation point, and the colon. When the caps lock key is engaged, the shift key can be used to type lowercase letters.

Usually, the diacritic itself can be generated as an isolated character by pressing the dead key followed by space; so a plain grave accent can be typed by pressing ` and then Space.

Usage[edit]

A dead key is different from a typical modifier key (such as AltGr or ⌥ Option) in that rather than being pressed and held while another key is struck, the dead key is pressed and released before striking the key to be modified. In some computer systems, there is no indication to the user that a dead key has been struck so the key appears dead, but in some text-entry systems, the diacritic is displayed, along with an indication that the system is waiting for another keystroke to complete the typing sequence.

On a typewriter, the character modifier functionality is accomplished mechanically, by striking the diacritical mark without advancing the carriage (in modern terminology, diacritical mark keys on typewriters are non-spacing). With most mechanical typewriters, the key on the keyboard caused a small bar of metal to rise; the letter desired was on the end of the bar. In addition to striking the paper through the ribbon, causing ink to be deposited on the paper, the bar would prevent the platen-paper carriage assembly from advancing. Thus, the following letter will strike the same spot on the paper. A typewriter is made in such a way that one could place an acute accent (´) on a q, for example.

Computers, however, work differently. The dead key temporarily changes the mapping of the keyboard for the next keystroke, which activates a special keyboard mode rather than actually generating a modifier character. Instead of the normal letter, a precomposed variant, with the appropriate diacritic, is generated. Each combination of a diacritic and a base letter must be specified in the character set and must be supported by the font in use.

There is no precomposed character to combine the acute accent with the letter q, striking ´ and then q is likely to result in ´q, with the accent and letter as separate characters. However, in some systems, the invalid typing sequence may be discarded. (By using the combining characters available in the Unicode character set, it may be possible to generate a combination that more or less looks like a q with an acute accent (q́), but that technique is quite distinct from the dead key functionality. In addition, since a letter like q does not normally take accents, font makers may not include the font attributes necessary for a combining accent to be applied successfully or in an attractive way. It is necessary to test this usage on a font by font basis, since support for accenting in this way varies considerably.)

Chained dead keys[edit]

Unicode encoded over one hundred precomposed characters with two diacritics, for use in Latin script for Vietnamese and a number of other languages. For convenience, they are generated on most keyboards supporting them, by pressing the two corresponding deadkeys in any order, followed by the letter key. Therefore, these dead keys are chained, which means that the second keystroke does not trigger any insertion, the system being still awaiting another key press.

This chained dead key behavior is toggled by the dead key flag, which is the fourth argument of the DEADTRANS function (after the base character code, the diacritic code, and the composed character code). If this flag is set to its default value zero, the composed character is inserted; if it is set to one, the composed character code is handled as another diacritic code like those due to dead key presses, and occurs typically as a second argument in other deadlist entries.

Chaining dead keys allows for compose key emulation by simply using the dead key feature. This may be performed either with proprietary keyboard editing software,^[3] or with driver development kits.^[4]

Dead keys on various keyboard layouts[edit]

A key may function as a dead key by default, and many non-English keyboard layouts in particular have dead keys directly on the keyboard. The basic US keyboard does not have any dead keys, but the US-International keyboard layout, available on Windows and the X Window System, places some dead keys directly on similar-looking punctuation marks. Old computer systems, such as the MSX, often had a special key labeled dead key, which in combination with the Ctrl and Shift keys could be used to add some of the diacritics commonly needed in the Western European languages (´, `, ˆ and ¨) to vowels that were typed subsequently.

In the absence of a default dead key, even a normal printing key can temporarily be altered to function as a dead key by simultaneously holding down another modifier key (typically AltGr or Option). In Microsoft Word (and in most other text-input fields), using the Control key with a key that usually resembles the diacritic (e.g. ^ for a circumflex) acts as a dead key: ^[5]

• Ctrl+' → á, é, í, ó, ú
• Ctrl+` → à, è, ì, ò, ù
• Ctrl+⇧ Shift+: → ä, ë, ï, ö, ü, ÿ
• Ctrl+⇧ Shift+^ → â, ê, î, ô, û
• Ctrl+⇧ Shift+~ → ã, õ, ñ
• Ctrl+, → ç

On the Macintosh, many keyboard layouts employ dead keys. In the U.S. layout, the following selection of dead keys appears:

• ⌥ Option+e → á, é, í, ó, ú
• ⌥ Option+` → à, è, ì, ò, ù
• ⌥ Option+u → ä, ë, ï, ö, ü, ÿ
• ⌥ Option+i → â, ê, î, ô, û
• ⌥ Option+n → ã, õ, ñ

For example, when ⌥ Option+E are first pressed simultaneously and then followed by A, the result is á. On a Macintosh, pressing one of these Option-key combinations creates the accent and highlights it, then the final character appears when the key for the base character is pressed. However, some diacritically-marked Latin letters less common in the Western European languages, such as ŵ (used in Welsh) or š (used in many Eastern European languages), cannot be typed with the U.S. layout, which predates Unicode and only provides access to characters found in the legacy Mac Roman character set. Access to many more diacritics is provided by the U.S. Extended keyboard layout.

In AmigaOS, dead keys are generated by pressing Alt in combination with F (acute), G (grave), H (circumflex), J (tilde) or K (trema) (e.g., the ALT-F combination followed by the a key generates á and ALT-F followed by e generates é, whereas ALT-G followed by a generates à and ALT-G followed by e generates è).^[6]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'Dead Key Definition of Dead Key by Merriam-Webster'. Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
2. ^The Unicode Standard, version 8.0.0, ch.05, §12 Strategies for Handling Nonspacing Marks: Keyboard Input https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/ch05.pdf#G1076
3. ^'Chained dead keys'. Kbdedit.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
4. ^'Download Windows Driver Kit Version 7.1.0 from Official Microsoft Download Center'. Microsoft.com. 2010-02-26. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
5. ^'How do I get letters with accent marks in Microsoft Word?'. www.computerhope.com. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
6. ^Commodore-Amiga, Inc. AMIGA ROM Kernel Reference Manual LIBRARIES. Addison-Wesley. pp. 823–827. ISBN0-201-56774-1.

External links[edit]

Backspace← Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the typewriter carriage one position backwards and in modern computer systems moves the display cursor one position backwards,^{[note 1]} deletes the character at that position, and shifts back the text after that position by one position.

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Typewriter[edit]

In some^{[note 2]} typewriters, a typist would, for example, type a lowercase letter A with acute accent (á) by typing a lowercase letter A, backspace, and then the acute accent key. This technique (also known as overstrike) is the basis for such spacing modifiers in computer character sets such as the ASCII caret (^, for the circumflex accent). Backspace composition no longer works with typical modern digital displays or typesetting systems^{[note 3]} It has to some degree been replaced with the combining diacritical marks mechanism of Unicode, though such characters do not work well with many fonts, and precomposed characters continue to be used. Some software like TeX or Microsoft Windows use the opposite method for diacritical marks, namely positioning the accent first, and then the base letter on its position.

Computers[edit]

Although the term 'backspace' is the traditional name of the key which deletes the character to the left of the cursor, the actual key may be labeled in a variety of ways, for example delete,^[1]Erase (for example in One Laptop Per Child),^[2] or with a left pointing arrow.^[3] A dedicated symbol for 'backspace' exists as U+232B ⌫ but its use as a keyboard label is not universal.

The backspace is distinct from the delete key, which in paper media for computers would punch out all the holes to strike out a character, and in modern computers deletes text following it. Also, the delete key often works as a generic command to remove an object (such as an image inside a document, or a file in a file manager), while backspace usually does not.^[4][5][6]

Common use[edit]

In modern systems, the backspace key is often mapped to the delete character (0x7f in ASCII or Unicode), although the backspace key's function of deleting the character before the cursor remains.^[3]

The backspace key is commonly used to go back a page or up one level in graphical web or file browsers.

^H[edit]

Pressing the backspace key on a computer terminal would generate the ASCII code 08, BS or Backspace, a control code which would delete the preceding character. That control code could also be accessed by pressing Control-H, as H is the eighth letter of the Latin alphabet. Terminals which did not have the backspace code mapped to the function of moving the cursor backwards and deleting the preceding character would display the symbols ^H (caret, H) when the backspace key was pressed. Even if a terminal did interpret backspace by deleting the preceding character, the system receiving the text might not. Then, the sender's screen would show a message without the supposedly deleted text, while that text, and the deletion codes, would be visible to the recipient. This sequence is still used humorously for epanorthosis by computer literates, denoting the deletion of a pretended blunder, much like a strikethrough; in this case, however, the ^H symbol is faked by typing a regular '^' followed by typing a regular 'H'.

Example:

Be nice to this fool^H^H^H^Hgentleman; he's visiting from corporate HQ.^[7]

What Key Combination Generates A Backspace Character Quizlet 5

^W and ^U[edit]

An alternative sometimes seen is ^W, which is the shortcut to delete the previous word in the Berkeley Unix terminal line discipline. This shortcut has also made it into the insert mode of the Vi text editor and its clone Vim.^[8]

^U deletes a line.^[9]

Other meanings[edit]

In a mainframe environment, to backspace means to move a magnetic tape backwards, typically to the previous block.

The method is apparently named after Julius Caesar, who apparently used it to communicate with his officials.Thus to cipher a given text we need an integer value, known as shift which indicates the number of position each letter of the text has been moved down.The encryption can be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1, Z = 25. Simple substitution cipher generate modified alphabet key python video. Examples: Text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZShift: 23Cipher: XYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWText: ATTACKATONCEShift: 4Cipher: EXXEGOEXSRGIAlgorithm for Caesar Cipher:Input:. Encryption of a letter by a shift n can be described mathematically as.(Encryption Phase with shift n)(Decryption Phase with shift n).

Notes[edit]

1. ^'Backwards' means to the left for left-to-right languages.
2. ^Many typewriters don't advance accent characters, so that no backspace is needed. However, it is still used e.g. for combining 'o' with '/'.
3. ^There is no reason why a digital display or typesetting system could not be designed to allow backspace composition, a.k.a. overstrike, if an engineer chose to do that. As most contemporary computer display and typesetting systems are raster graphics-based rather than character-based (as of 2012), they make overstrike actually quite easy to implement. However, the use of proportional-width rather than fixed-width (monospaced) fonts makes the practical implementation of overstrike more complicated, and the original physical motivation for the technique is not present in digital computer systems.

References[edit]

What Key Combination Generates A Backspace Character Quizlet Example

1. ^'User Mistakes or Mac Mistakes?, Backspace vs. Delete, and It's Too Easy to Zap an Icon in the Dock'. 2007.
2. ^OLPC Wiki. 'OLPC Human Interface Guidelines/The Sugar Interface/Input Systems'. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
3. ^ ^ab'9.8 Keyboard configuration'. Debian Policy Manual. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
4. ^'Windows keyboard shortcuts overview'. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
5. ^'Windows keyboard shortcuts overview'. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
6. ^'Keyboard shortcuts for PCmanFM-QT [bug]/[Missing feature]'. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
7. ^Chapter 5. Hacker Writing Style, The Jargon File, version 4.4.7
8. ^'VIM USER MANUAL'. FreeBSD. November 2, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
9. ^'FreeBSD Man Pages; vi'. Vimonline. March 9, 2002. Retrieved May 14, 2016.

What Key Combination Generates A Backspace Character Quizlet 4